See Scuba Diving Certification

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Scuba diving uses a tank and breathing apparatus to allow divers to stay underwater for extended periods.
Freediving is done without a tank, relying on a single breath of air to dive underwater.

Basic swimming skills are necessary for both scuba and freediving. For scuba, you should be comfortable in the water and able to swim 200 meters unassisted. Freediving requires good swimming ability and breath control.

Yes, when done correctly with proper training and equipment. Following safety guidelines, diving with a buddy, and knowing your limits greatly reduce risks.

Most dive organizations (PADI, SSI, NAUI) offer entry-level certifications like Open Water Diver. This is required for recreational scuba diving.

While not legally required, taking a freediving course (e.g., from AIDA, PADI, or SSI) helps improve technique, safety, and breath-holding ability.

Enroll in an Open Water Diver course with a certified dive agency. The course includes theory, confined water training, and open water dives.

Take an introductory freediving course to learn proper breathing, safety, and diving techniques. Training with a certified instructor is highly recommended.

Mask, snorkel, fins, wetsuit, BCD (buoyancy control device), regulator, air tank, dive computer, and weights.

Low-volume mask, snorkel, long-blade fins, wetsuit, weight belt, and sometimes a nose clip for deeper dives.

Freediving fins are longer and more efficient for breath-hold diving, while scuba fins are shorter and stiffer. Using the right type of fins improves performance and safety.

The maximum depth for recreational divers is 40 meters (130 feet). Deeper dives require advanced training.

This depends on depth, air consumption, and tank size. A typical dive lasts 30–60 minutes.

Divers should monitor their air supply and ascend before running low. In emergencies, divers can share air with a buddy using an alternate air source.

It’s recommended to wait at least 12–24 hours before flying to prevent decompression sickness.

Some conditions (e.g., asthma, heart disease) may require a doctor’s approval. Always check with a dive professional before diving.

Trained freedivers can hold their breath for 2–5 minutes, while professionals can go beyond 7 minutes. Training and relaxation techniques improve breath-holding ability.

Recreational freedivers often dive between 10–30 meters (30–100 feet), while professional freedivers exceed 100 meters (328 feet).

Freediving can be risky without proper training. Blackouts, shallow water blackout, and poor equalization are common dangers. Always dive with a buddy.

By using equalization techniques like the Valsalva or Frenzel method to balance pressure in the ears.

No, you should wait at least 12–24 hours after scuba diving before freediving to avoid decompression sickness.

For scuba diving certification:

• Most agencies, like PADI and SSI, require a minimum age of 10 years old for the Junior Open Water Diver certification.
• At 15 years old, the certification upgrades to a standard Open Water Diver certification.

• Most organizations set the minimum age at 12 years old for entry-level courses.
• Advanced and deep freediving courses may require students to be 16 years or older.

Aside from pregnancy, no. Because physiologists know little about the effects of diving on the fetus, the recommendation is that women avoid diving while pregnant or trying to become pregnant. Menstruation is not normally a concern. Most female divers dive during their periods. Some studies suggest that scuba diving while menstruating may increase a diver’s chance of decompression sickness, so be sure to dive conservatively and stay hydrated when diving on your period. Divers who experience severe PMS or menstrual pain may want to refrain from diving until these symptoms pass.

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